US Springfield Model 1873 Serial Numbers: A Brief History

The US Springfield Model 1873, also known as the Trapdoor Carbine, is a legendary firearm that has captivated gun enthusiasts for centuries. Befitting its military heritage, parts of the carbine were designed to be interchangeable, making it rare to find one in 'as-issued' condition today.

Over its 20-year service in the Army, the carbine underwent numerous changes, including modifications to triggers, lockplates, breechblocks, stampings, hammers, and rear sights. Despite these updates, the carbine's sights remained optimistically calibrated for distances of up to 800 yards.

One unique feature of the Trapdoor Carbine is its stock-mounted bar and saddle ring, which allowed troopers to hook their rifles to a leather sling worn diagonally across their body. This design innovation helped prevent accidental loss from the saddle.

The carbine's lighter weight and shorter barrel also led to the development of reduced-load cartridges containing 55 grains of blackpowder. This combination made it an ideal match for the popular .45-70 Gov't cartridge.

The Trapdoor Carbine was perfected by master armorer Allin, who designed a forward-hinged breechblock that swung open like a trapdoor. This innovative design earned its lasting nickname and allowed for easy cleaning and maintenance.

Originally developed to replace the Army's 18 muzzleloading rifle-muskets, the Trapdoor Carbine saw action in the Spanish-American War and continued to be issued to National Guard units as late as the 1920s. Its association with the US Cavalry and the taming of the American West has made it a highly sought-after collector's item.

Today, .45-70 Gov't carbines command the most interest and value due to their connection to this pivotal period in American history. Although trapdoor rifles were also produced, the 22-inch-barreled carbine remains the most iconic and valuable variation.

Attend any decent-sized gun show and you're likely to come across an 1873 Trapdoor Carbine or one of its subsequent variations, including the Models 1877, 1879, and 1884. Each model offers a unique glimpse into the evolution of this legendary firearm.

Us springfield model 1873 serial numbers